Hi. I kept may kinds of doves over the years.
Fancy pigeons / doves make a huge amount...a crazy amount of the dust. It's like they are covered in talcum powder. If I handled a white one when I was wearing a black T shirt it looked like someone had thrown flour over me haha. Everything get coated in a thick layer of the dust, even if the birds bath every day. I would never keep them inside a house.
Ringneck doves are not as bad, but still quite a lot...probably more than a cockatiel. The males also make a loud 'coo coo coo coo' noise al the time...even during the night....which can get to be really annoyng.
Have you considered a smaller species of dove?
I really recommend zebra doves (if you can find a breeder). They are much smaller than a ringneck dove have have a lovely musical whistling call. They can get very tame and have lovely colours and pattern on them. You can even get pure white ones, but they are very rare, and therefore expensive. They are calm by nature and easy to breed also.
If you clean the cage every day, and mist them with a plant water sprayer or provide a bath for them every day, I doubt you would notice any feather dust. You can keep a singe male for his song and he will get tame with you, but if you have to leave him alone for hours each day its better to get a male / female pair to keep each other company.
Diamond doves are the least dusty, due to their size. I never noticed any dust off mine. However, they are by nature, very skittish and shy. It's very hard to tame them enough to sit on your finger, and they are prone to night frights where they fly madly about in their cage and hurt themselves for no apparent reason during the night. Mine did this even if the cage was totally covered.
I reduced this problem by having a dim light on over night next to their cage. They would still get the night frights but settle down quickly with the light as they can see the perches to land on. I think they jut get bad nightmares.lol