To prevent bacterial infections, I use one drop of GSE per large cup of drinking water when I must be away from home and cannot change the water when needed. I credit this practice with helping to prevent illness and I have never had any indication that it adversely affects my birds' health.
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This is something I wrote several years ago, after losing some birds to Preventative Treatments. It is food for thought.
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Before I go into detail I'd like to ask each person to ask himself or herself: ‘Why[FONT=Arial,BoldItalic]’ [/FONT]are you considering using products such as GSE, Nolvasan, etc. in the birds water? Was it because you heard about it from others? Or based on what you read? Or you want to use it simply as a preventative? If as a preventative, ask yourself: [FONT=Arial,BoldItalic]“[/FONT]As a preventative against what?[FONT=Arial,BoldItalic]” [/FONT]How do you know a bird has a problem? And if you are simply assuming there is a problem, do you know what the problem is? Or even the cause?
Indiscriminate usage of products as a preventative measure is only masking a problem, and forcing gradual changes within the body. What we are trying to prevent can in fact become more resistant and pathogenic. It is better and in the long run, more healthful for the bird to find the true cause of the problem and treat or correct it than to indiscriminately use preventatives that have a non-specific purpose.
Anything that can act as a disinfectant or a cleaning agent should not be used internally in our birds!!
For everything we do there is a [FONT=Arial,BoldItalic]‘[/FONT]cause and effect[FONT=Arial,BoldItalic]’ [/FONT]action. A bird has internal defense mechanisms that protect it against harmful or invading pathogens. These act as barriers to allow the immune system to respond and destroy the invader if it does get past these defenses. ANY factor, which includes: poor nutrition, trauma, improper use of antibiotics and disinfectants will damage this defense system and make a bird more susceptible to all types of infectious pathogens.
Within a bird are mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogential tracts. These mucous secreting cell/membranes act as a physical barrier preventing many organisms from entering the body. The interactions of normal microbial flora and the mucous membranes and these specific cells and their secretions also act to attack pathogenic bacteria before they can attach to the cells. When these beneficial bacteria and fungi are destroyed by careless use of disinfectants or unnecessary antimicrobal agents the normal flora can also be destroyed.
The normal bacteria found in the digestive tract plays an important role in preventing viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. These are non-pathogenic and compete for nutrients, and inhibit organisms from reaching the lining of the GI tract. They also secrete compounds that prevent other bacteria, fungi, and some viruses from gaining access to the cells that line the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the indiscriminant use of using agents/products that also act as disinfectants internally can overtime destroy or weaken the body's immune responses. The body is daily replacing these cells, but when indiscriminate use of a disinfectant agent is used this is also effecting the replacement of this mucous/cell barrier.
NOTE: The book: AVIAN VIRUSES, Function and Control by Branson Ritchie, DVM, PhD goes into detail on Avian defense mechanisms.
Have you ever wondered what happens when we use water treatments that can also act as disinfectants? The above information briefly explained some internal changes going on, but what else happens? A disinfectants purpose is to kill or in diluted form reduce pathogens/bacteria. Many of the pathogens/bacteria that are listed that these products are effective against are also normal bacterial residents of the body that work in harmony with each other. They are rarely harmful unless something creates an unbalance of one pathogen and an overgrowth of another.
Over extended periods of time these products are ‘supposedly’ working and keeping the bird from yeast or bacterial problems, but what is actually happening in the body is that these normal bacteria are learning how to adapt to these products that is seen as an invader to their environment, thus are becoming more resilient to survive. In other words they are mutating into a stronger and more resistant form of bacteria. Therefore, later on when a bird becomes ill the bacteria involved in the illness may have developed a resistance to an appropriate treatment it otherwise would have been sensitive to.
My point being that many products sound great, and innocent, but if it is a product that has the capacity to kill bacteria and yeast it can do as much damage to the body over a period of time as extended or indiscriminate usage of antibiotics. Many times extended use contributes to a resistance to normal treatments, and a stronger more pathogenic form of bacteria in the body.
In summary, the above is food for thought, and I encourage you to do some researching on your own. Don’t go by simply word of mouth because someone said they found the solution to their yeast (or bacteria or whatever) problems. If they are using a product as a preventative, they have NOT discovered the source of the problem, they have only put a [FONT=Arial,Italic]‘[/FONT]band-aid[FONT=Arial,BoldItalic]’ [/FONT]over the problem. Meaning they still do not know the cause and once the preventative treatments are stopped the problem is right back again. Or worse yet, the immune barrier has been damage, thus the bird is very susceptible to harmful pathogens that can be harmful or fatal.
Many times the source of the problem is something simple that can easily be corrected without use of preventative or medicinal treatments. It could be diet or some type of stress in the environment, to name a few things. Try to do a ‘rule out’ of potential causes before you blindly treat. If you are unsure of the cause discuss it with your vet or another breeder. Have some gram stains or cultures done to find out if there truly is a need for treatment. And most importantly, find out exactly what the problem is and the proper course of treatment…if needed.
© 2002-2009 Susanne Russo, all rights reserved
I can post pix's from a necropsy to show the damage to the GI tract if needed.