I think some breeds of canaries can be prone to feather cysts, though I'm not sure if they would cause the feathers to stick out like that. I'd try to catch him and open his wings and just see if you can tell what's going on. A few abnormal flight feathers like that shouldn't be enough to prevent him from flying, so I'd look to see if his other flight feathers are ok.
The abnormal feathers by themselves aren't too serious. You might try pulling them out gently (abnormal feathers often pull out easily) - if they don't pull out easily and are irritating him or getting in the way when he tries to fly, you could just trim them off. I think a vet visit to see why he can't fly would be best - unless it's something obvious, like the deformed feathers getting twisted when he flies and causing pain.