I've fod the easiest edible plants to grow even for novice gardener (all these really need are water and sun, no feeding required) are:
Mint (MUST be in containers, if not it spreads endlessly) Mint is very hardy and also you can hang it to dry and make tea
Green beans (bush variety) grow almost by themselves, no fiddling with it after planting. All you do is water
Parsley grows nice and bushy without much help. It can tolerate light frost and come back next year too!
Peas grow nicely up a long stick, they only provide one harvest of peas per plant and then they die so beware
Radishes, you can eat the tops too!
Leaf lettuce is hardy and you can cut it and it will keep growing
I've found these plants the more challenging to grow (require more work than sun and water)
Blueberries (yes, there are varieties that grow in pots) these require acidic soil, feedings and mulching. Also it takes a year for a new bush to produce
Peppers basically need the same care as tomatoes if you've ever grown those, must be fed plant food and peppers take all season to grow and ripen
Strawberries need to be fed in order for the fruits to taste good, I supplement feedings with Epson salt for sweeter berries. Everything will try and eat your berries!
These are just thing things I've grown personally. I've heard most herbs are pretty easy in containers but haven't tried it firsthand yet